Thursday, August 8, 2013

Singapore - Catching Every Drop of Rain

Singapore - Catching Every Drop of Rain

The source of the map of the rivers of Singapore is the Singapore PUB
As a small island that doesn't have natural aquifers and lakes and with little land to collect rainwater, Singapore needs to maximize whatever it can harvest.
Currently, Singapore uses two separate systems to collect rainwater and used water. Rainwater is collected through a comprehensive network of drains, canals, rivers and stormwater collection ponds before it is channelled to Singapore's 17 reservoirs for storage. This makes Singapore one of the few countries in the world to harvest urban stormwater on a large scale for its water supply.
The newest reservoirs are Punggol and Serangoon Reservoirs which are our 16th and 17th reservoirs. By 2011, the water catchment area has increased from half to two-thirds of Singapore's land surface with the completion of the Marina, Punggol and Serangoon reservoirs.
With all the major estuaries already dammed to create reservoirs, PUB aims to harness water from the remaining streams and rivulets near the shoreline using technology that can treat water of varying salinity. This will boost Singapore's water catchment area to 90% by 2060,
The goal is to capture every drop of rain (Figure 1)
 

Reservoirs
Pandan Reservoir
Kranji Reservoir
Jurong Lake Reservoir
MacRitchie Reservoir
Upper Peirce Reservoir
Lower Peirce Reservoir
Bedok Reservoir
Upper Seletar Reservoir
Lower Seletar Reservoir
Poyan Reservoir
Murai Reservoir
Tengeh Reservoir
Sarimbun Reservoir
Pulau Tekong Reservoir
Marina Reservoir
Serangoon Reservoir
Punggol Reservoir


Rivers
Singapore River
Sungei Kallang
Rochor River
Sungei Whampoa
Geylang River
Sungei Bedok
Sungei Ketapang
Sungei Changi
Sungei Selarang
Sungei Loyang
Sungei Tampines
Sungei Api Api
Sungei Blukar
Sungei Serangoon
Sungei Punggol
Sungei Tongkang
Sungei Pinang
Sungei Seletar
Sungei Khatib Bongsu
Sungei Seletar Simpang Kiri
Sungei Sembawang
Sungei Mandai
Sungei China
Sungei Mandai Kechil
Sungei Peng Siang
Sungei Tengah
Sungei Kangkar
Sungei Buloh Besar
Sungei Jurong
Sungei Lanchar
Sungei Pandan
Sungei Ulu Pandan





No comments:

Unpacking the Two-Pass Solution in InfoSewer

  Unpacking the Two-Pass Solution in InfoSewer InfoSewer's dual-pass methodology is a cornerstone for achieving a meticulous and compreh...