SCS Rainfall Distributions and Design Storms

SCS Rainfall Distributions for H20MAP and InfoSWMM

The base file has a 24 hyetograph for SCS Type 1A and SCS Type 2 distrubutions. The total of the rainfall is 1 inch and to make a 25 year or 50 year storm you follow these steps:

1. Clone the rainfall time series and

2. Use the Field Calculator in DB Edit to change the total rainfall by using the operand in the Field Calculator dialog. For example, the picture shown below will make a 10 inch 24 hour rainfall in the new time series.

You will end up with two series: (1) the base 1 inch hyetograph and (2) the new design storm of 10 inches.

H2OMAP and InfoSWMM Sediment Transport Modeling

H2OMAP SWMM and InfoSWMM Sediment Transport Modeling

Sanitary and combined sewer systems can carry substantial loads of suspended solids (waste solids) which can accumulate and cause blockages thereby impairing the hydraulic capacity of the sewer pipes (by restricting their flow area and increasing the bed friction resistance). H2OMAP SWMM and InfoSWMM can simulate the transport and gravitational settling of (total suspended solids including grit) over time throughout the sewer collection system under varying hydraulic conditions. As long as flow velocity exceeds the critical/terminal velocity, H2OMAP SWMM and InfoSWMM assumes that the sewage flow has the capacity to transport all incoming . Deposited  particles are also assumed to be scoured and transported downstream when velocity of the sewage flow exceeds the terminal velocity. Settling starts when flow velocity falls below the critical velocity. In the model, transport of thet particles is governed by advection implying that the particles are transported at local flow velocity. 

The sediment transport modeling using H2OMAP SWMM and InfoSWMM  requires only few inputs, namely limiting flow velocity, particle settling velocity, and source node(s) and initial concentrations (in mg/l) at the source nodes. 

In order to specify the first two inputs (i.e., limiting flow velocity and particle settling velocity), the user should first select from the quality tab which in turn activates the editing tabs for particle settling velocity and limiting flow velocity. Specification of source node(s) and its/their initial concentration is similar to the method described above in relation to pollutant transport. The default values used by the model for limiting flow velocity and particle settling velocity are 2 ft/s and 0.1 ft/s, respectively.  User specified values over rid these default figures .

H2OMAP SWMM and InfoSWMM  deposition (in kg)  in pipes and  concentration (in mg/l) at manholes,  wet wells, and outlets are the outputs reported following successful simulation of  transport for a collection system.

Modified Basket Handle Cross Section Warnings

There is a rule in SWMM 5 that the depth cannot be less than half the bottom width for a modified basket handle(see below).  You always have to have a maximum depth less than 50 percent or 1/1 of the bottom width,  If you do not meet this criterion then the program will generate an invalid number warning.  This is the code from xsect.c that checks the validity of the cross section data:

    case MOD_BASKET:

        if ( p[1] <= 0.0 || p[0] <>

        xsect->yFull = p[0]/ucf;

        xsect->wMax  = p[1]/ucf;

Wave Of Sewage Flows Toward Tampa Bay

TBO > News

Wave Of Sewage Flows Toward Bay

Tribune photo by CANDACE C. MUNDY

Workers with Spectrum Underground Inc. work to repair a 20-inch sewage pipeline which broke in Town 'N Country this afternoon.

The Tampa Tribune

Published: September 13, 2008

TOWN 'N COUNTRY - Approximately 200,000 gallons of untreated sewage spilled into Sweetwater Creek on Friday afternoon, prompting a warning to residents along the creek to avoid the water, Hillsborough County officials said.

The spill occurred along Comanche Avenue just east of Hanley Road when a 20-inch sewage pipeline ruptured. The break was at a connection point to a section that had been replaced about eight weeks ago, officials said.

Because the work had been done so recently, it was under warranty, and the original contractor returned to fix the break, said Bill Bozeman, project manager for the county's water resource services. Bozeman did not know what caused it.

The fracture, reported by a passer-by at about 12:45 p.m., caused sewage to spill onto Hanley Road and ooze down Comanche toward the creek. The flow was contained two hours later. After five hours, a cloud of sewage still fogged the water along one of the creek's banks.

The section of Comanche where the spill occurred is home to a couple of businesses and a small strip of offices under construction. A narrow bridge over Sweetwater Creek leads to a neighborhood and to Sweetwater Organic Community Farm.

The farm does not rely on the creek for irrigation and the creek in that section is too shallow and choked with overgrowth in places for kayaking or swimming. County workers posted signs in English and Spanish notifying visitors of high bacterial levels and a health risk, telling them not to swim, wade or fish in the water.

Residents along the creek, which flows south to the Courtney Campbell Parkway area, are urged not to have any contact with the water for the next several days in the creek or the area where it flows into Tampa Bay.

While the contractor worked to repair the pipe, the county diverted the flow from nearby lift stations that serve the areas into tanker trucks.

The spill did not affect home use of water, Bozeman said.

The Water Resource Services staff will notify local and state environmental agencies, take samples and monitor the area where the spill occurred.

Manual de SWMM 5 en espanol

Manual de SWMM 5 en espanol

http://www.instagua.upv.es/swmm/descargas/Manual_SWMM5vE.pdf

SWMM 5 View Variables

SWMM 5 View Variables

There are four types of graphical variables in SWMM 5: (1) Subcatchements, (2) System, (3) Nodes and (4) Links.  The SWMM 5 Hydrology binary graphics file consists of 21 view variables for each subcatcment simulation in SWMM 5.  The variables are:
    

Subcatchment Variables	Description
SUBCATCH_RAINFALL	rainfall intensity
SUBCATCH_SNOWFALL	snowfall intensity
SUBCATCH_RUNOFF	total runoff flow rate
SUBCATCH_RUNOFF_IMPZero	runoff flow rate from zero imp area feb 2007
SUBCATCH_RUNOFF_IMP	runoff flow rate from imp area feb 2007
SUBCATCH_RUNOFF_Pervious	runoff flow rate from pervious area feb 2007
SUBCATCH_LOSSES	total losses (infil)
SUBCATCH_EVAP	watershed evaporation loss
SUBCATCH_DEPTH	watershed depth
SUBCATCH_GW_FLOW	groundwater flow rate to node
SUBCATCH_GW_FLOW_A1	groundwater flow rate to node
SUBCATCH_GW_FLOW_A2	groundwater flow rate to node
SUBCATCH_GW_FLOW_A3	groundwater flow rate to node
SUBCATCH_GW_ELEV	elevation of saturated gw table
SUBCATCH_GW_THETA	soil moisture
SUBCATCH_GW_PERCOLATION	aquifer deep percolation
SUBCATCH_SNOWMELT	watershed snow melt
SUBCATCH_SNOWDEPTH	watershed snow depth
SUBCATCH_FREEWATER	watershed snow depth
SUBCATCH_COLD	watershed cold content
SUBCATCH_SNOWAREA	watershed snow coverage
SUBCATCH_UL	soil thickness
SUBCATCH_FTOT	infiltration during an event
SUBCATCH_FU	current value of F
SUBCATCH_FUMAX	maximum value of F
SUBCATCH_MOISTURE	current soil mositure (less than porosity)
SUBCATCH_IMD	current IMD (Porisity - Moisture)
SUBCATCH_IMDbyEvent	IMD at the beginning of an event
SUBCATCH_SAT	Flag for saturation (1 is saturated)
SUBCATCH_INFIL_TIME	GA infiltration time
SUBCATCH_WLMAX	current infiltration RATE
SUBCATCH_NETPRECIP	rainfall intensity
SUBCATCH_BUILDUP	pollutant buildup concentration
SUBCATCH_WASHOFF	pollutant washoff concentration

The SWMM 5 system binary graphics file consists of 25 variables on one line for each system variable simulated in SWMM 5.  The variables are:

System Variables	Description
SYS_TEMPERATURE	air temperature
SYS_WINDSPEED	wind speed
SYS_RAINFALL	rainfall intensity
SYS_SNOWFALL	snow depth
SYS_RUNOFF	runoff flow
SYS_LOSSES	evap + infil
SYS_EVAP	evap
SYS_DWFLOW	dry weather inflow
SYS_GWFLOW	ground water inflow
SYS_IIFLOW	RDII inflow
SYS_EXFLOW	external inflow
SYS_INFLOW	total lateral inflow
SYS_FLOODING	flooding outflow
SYS_OUTFLOW	outfall outflow
SYS_STORAGE	storage volume
SYS_CE	continuity error for the basin
SYS_ITERATIONS	average iterations over the basin
SYS_SNOWDEPTH	snow depth
SYS_COLD	cold storage for the basin
SYS_SNOWMELT	snowmelt for the basin
SYS_RAINMELT	rainmelt for the basin
SYS_TS	time steps during the simulation
SYS_DWFLoad	total K3 line DWF load
SYS_WWFLoad	total K3 line WWF load
SYS_WWFLoadExtra	agency extra WWF Load

The SWMM 5 Node graphics binary file consists of 20 variables on one line for each junction/storage/outfall/divider  simulated in SWMM 5.  The variables are:

Node Variables	Description
NODE_DEPTH	water depth above invert
NODE_HEAD	hydraulic head
NODE_VOLUME	volume stored & ponded
NODE_LATFLOW	lateral inflow rate
NODE_IIFLOW	total rdii inflow rate
NODE_UH1	total rdii inflow rate from UH 1
NODE_UH2	total rdii inflow rate from UH 2
NODE_UH3	total rdii inflow rate from UH 3
NODE_DWFFLOW	total DWF inflow rate
NODE_INFLOW	total inflow rate
NODE_OUTFLOW	total outflow rate
NODE_OVERFLOW	overflow rate
NODE_CE	node ce
NODE_AREA	node surface area
NODE_DQDH	node surcharge dqdh
NODE_DENOM	node surcharge dqdh
NODE_ITERATIONS	node iterations to this time step
NODE_TIMESTEP	node iterations to this time step
NODE_CONVERGENCE	node iterations to this time step
NODE_QUAL	concentration of each pollutant

Link Variables

How Much Can You Learn From a Home DNA Test?

How much does your DNA determine your future? Our reporter has her DNA analyzed by three different labs, and shares every detail of the results... as well as how she copes with them.

read more | digg story

EMC Washoff in SWMM5

There are four steps to using EMC concentrations in your network:

1. Define your pollutant by adding a pollutant using the Data=>Quality=>Pollutant command:

2. Define the Land Use by using the Data=>Land Uses command or the Land Use Editor:

3. Define Buildup to be None by clicking on the None Tab:

4. Define the EMC Washoff concentration by clicking on the Washoff Tab:

This is where you would add a GW concentration

More: http://www.swmm2000.com/

Hurricane Dennis Tampa 2005

 

 

 

 

Papaya Bugs and Gators

Papaya Bugs and Gators in the Backyard

A bug on our backyard Papaya trees. The papaya trees survived but the frost of January 2008 killed many of the trees. They are growing back, however.

PuddleBlog

PuddleBlog is the image history of one small to large puddle on an American Street:

What is Puddleblog, you ask? Puddleblog chronicles the epic journey of one puddle, bracing for an uncertain future.

It’s a blog. You know, for a puddle. Specifically, the puddle that graces the corner of Jay and Plymouth, a couple blocks east of the Manhattan Bridge. Maybe if this thing catches on we can think about including other qualified puddles.

www.swmm5.info

Note www.swmm5.info now forwards to www.swmm2000.com which forwards to swmm2000.ning.com one of the wonderful Ning social network sites.

SWMM 3,4 to 5 Converter Interface

SWMM 3,4 to 5 Converter Interface
The SWMM 3 and SWMM 4 converter can convert up to two files at one time to SWMM 5. Typically you would convert a Runoff and Transport file to SWMM 5 or a Runoff and Extran File to SWMM 5. If you have a combination of a SWMM 4 Runoff, Transport and Extran network then you will have to convert it in pieces and copy and past the two data sets together to make one SWMM 5 data set.

The x,y coordinate file is only necessary if you do not have existing x, y coordinates on the D1 line of the SWMM 4 Extran input data set.



You can use the command File=>Define Ini File to define the location of the ini file. The ini file will save your conversion project input data files and directories.



You can use the command File=>Define Your Text Editor to define the location of the text editor program. The ini file will save your conversion project editor name.



You can get a copy of the latest SWMM 3,4 to 5 Converter Here..

Hydrology in Ecclesiastes

Hydrology in Ecclesiastes

1:5 The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his place where he arose.

1:6 The wind goeth toward the south, and turneth about unto the north;
it whirleth about continually, and the wind returneth again according
to his circuits.

1:7 All the rivers run into the sea; yet the sea is not full; unto the
place from whence the rivers come, thither they return again.

Note: This was a better description than in Aristotle.

Hurricane Ivan in Pittsburgh, 2004

Pittsburgh

 International Airport recorded the highest 24-hour rainfall for Pittsburgh, recording 5.95 in. of rain. NWS Pittsburgh Climate Data, August, 2004." Hourly Climate Data. Pittsburgh, PA. 21 June 2006. http://www.erh.noaa.gov/pbz/hourlyclimate.htm

Spatial Step in SWMM 5

SWMM 3,4,5 uses a spatial step equal to the length of the link. Or, in terms of the 1D St. Venant Equation for the calculation of flow used in SWMM 5:






In which is the length of the conduit.



The program will calculate the cross sectional area, hydraulic radius top width and depth at the upstream, midpoint and downstream sections of the link. The link solution is pivoted on the midpoint cross sectional area in the dominant dynamic wave terms and

and the non-linear term in the dynamic wave equation uses the upstream and downstream link cross sectional areas. In the finite difference equation in SWMM 5 the pipe shown below would have one length but use the cross sectional information from the upstream, midpoint and downstream points of the link.

The bend in the pipe would be modeled using the "other" category of losses

SWMM 5 Tools

In the newest version of EPA SWMM (5.0.1.11), there is a new feature of allowing for Add-ins and third-party tools. One such Add-in, the Microsoft Excel, can be very helpful for input data editing and model calibration.

1. To activate the Add-in
This process is detailed in pp. 141 of the EPA SWMM manual (http://www.epa.gov/ednnrmrl/models/swmm ... manual.pdf). Basically the user needs to go to "Tools->Program Preferences->Configure Tools" on SWMM main menu. Then in the pop-up "Tool Options" menu choose "Add." A "Tool Properties" window will pop-up, and the user can assign a name to the Excel Add-in for the "Name" field. For the "Program" field, the user needs to navigate to the location of the Excel executable file at "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office10\Excel.exe" (the file path may vary). Leave the "Working Directory" field as blank, and choose "INPFILE" macro for the "Parameters" field. Check both "Disable SWMM while executing" and "Update SWMM after closing."

After the above is set up, click OK and the Excel Add-in is registered in SWMM5. The Add-in tool is under the "Tools" menu. One important thing now is to go to "Tools->Program Preferences," and in the pop-up window check "Tab Delimited Project File."

2. Use the Excel Add-in
The SWMM5 input file by default is a tab-delimited .txt file. The user can view the file using Wordpad, but the editing is not very convenient, especially when it comes to calibration for a watershed with large number of subbasins. The Excel Add-in provides great relief for such operations.

Create a simple watershed model in SWMM, and then go to "Tools->Excel Editor (or whatever the user names the Add-in)." The input file for the watershed model is then displayed in tab-delimited format in Excel. In this environment, the user can edit the input data much easier (as compared to double-click each model component and key in the values in the Graphic User Interface). This becomes more apparent when the number of subbasins increases. When the editing is finished, close the Excel program, and then click "YES" or "OK" to all the pop-up windows. After that, the SWMM model interface pops back and the input parameters are updated.

So with this knowledge the model setup process can be much easier. In the initial model setup, the user may not bother to input any parameter values (i.e. subbasin area, width, slope, etc.). Instead, the model can be delineated and all components represented. Then the user can open the "Excel Editor" and copy/paste the model parameter values from another table of pre-created input parameter values (which is always the case). This process will totally by-pass the manually key-in of parameter values.

The second case of this feature applies is the model calibration. In a traditional way, suppose the user needs to change the value of depression storage for the impervious area. That means for a 30-subbasin watershed, the user needs to roam around the watershed and double-click 30 times to finish that single parameter change. Imagine if it takes five times to find the best value for that single parameter. With this feature, the user can open up the input file, set a depression storage value for the first subbasin, and then drag down for all the other 29 subbasins. Close Excel and go back to SWMM, and the updated model can be ran immediately.

Source: http://ceeforums.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=26&t=256&p=582#p582

Global Rainfall

QA/QC Version of SWMM 5

This is my explanation of the comments on on the blog http://hhwq.blogspot.com about the CDM version of SWMM 5. It was purely a QA/QC testing program used in the code and data set migration of SWMM 4 to SWMM 5 during the years 2004 to 2007.

CDM version of SWMM5

CDM makes available their version version of SWMM5 for download and use. There's a few more options and the GUI element edit boxes have a lot more variable options. Otherwise, it looks, feels, and acts like the EPA version (from what I've have discerned).

http://groups.google.com/group/swmm5

4 comments:

Robert said...

This version is a QA/QC version of SWMM 5 that was used to more closely compare the SWMM 4 to SWMM 5 results using extra data variables.

April 19, 2008 8:35 PM

Robert said...

It should not be used for modeling. You should use the EPA SWMM Web site to download the latest EPA SWMM version:

http://www.epa.gov/ednnrmrl/models/swmm/index.htm

April 19, 2008 8:36 PM

EPA SWMM 5 Calibration Files

The EPA SWMM 5 calibration file is only for comparing the following 12 internal variables graphically to either SWMM 4 results, monitored data or some other model results:

1. 

1. Subcatchment Runoff
2. Subcatchment Washoff
3. Node Water Depth
4. Link Flow Rate
5. Node Water Quality
6. Node Lateral Inflow
7. Node Flooding
8. Groundwater Flow
9. Groundwater Elevation
10. Snow Pack Depth
11. Link Flow Depth
12. Link Flow Velocity

The graph on your SWMM 5 screen can be saved either to the clipboard or an external file for further manipulation of the computed and observed (calibration file data) by using the commands

Edit->Copy To=>Clipboard=>Text or

Edit->Copy To=>File=>Text

Just remember that the computed variable value comes first in the text followed by the observed variable value. For example:

Link 1030 Flow
Series Elapsed Time (hours) Flow CFS
Computed 0.1667 0.0000
.
.
Observed 0.0167 0.0000

The Joys Of Non-Driving

Andrew Sullivan - SWMM 2008 - Stormwater Management Model

The Joys Of Non-Driving

22 Jun 2008 09:33 pm

It proves I'm not an American, I guess, but I still don't know how to drive, don't have a license and have managed to get to the age of 44 without missing one. Yes, the husband has to drive us all the way to Ptown each summer, but once I get here, even more than when I'm in DC, this sentiment by C.S. Lewis rings all the more true:

I number it among my blessings that my father had no car, while yet most of my friends had, and sometimes took me for a drive. This meant that all these distant objects could be visited just enough to clothe them with memories and not impossible desires, while yet they remained ordinarily as inaccessible as the Moon. The deadly power of rushing about wherever I pleased had not been given me. I measured distance by the standard of man, man walking on his two feet, not by the standard of the internal combustion engine. I had not been allowed to deflower the very idea of distance; in return I possessed "infinite riches" in what would have been to motorists "a little room."

The truest and most horrible claim made for modern transport is that it "annihilates space." It does. It annihilates one of the most glorious gifts we have been given. It is a vile inflation which lowers the value of distance, so that a modern boy travels a hundred miles with less sense of liberation and pilgrimage and adventure than his grandfather got from traveling ten. Of course if a man hates space and wants it to be annihilated, that is another matter. Why not creep into his coffin at once? There is little enough space there.

$4 gas? Maybe it will be good for us.

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Data Set Backwards Compatibility

The SWMM 5 data input files are not backwards compatible with previous versions of SWMM - you cannot open a file created in v13 with a v11 GUI without getting messages about Options or features present in v13 but not present in v11. Not everyone looks at the C code but the new options are listed in the file enums.h with a version notation:

SKIP_STEADY_STATE, TEMPDIR, IGNORE_RAINFALL, //(5.0.010 - LR)
FORCE_MAIN_EQN, LINK_OFFSETS, //(5.0.012 - LR)

The good feature about this message is that it tells you what MAY be different between the two SWMM versions. For example, if you used Link Offsets in v13 then you will not have a valid model in SWMM 5.0.011. However, if you are not using a new option in SWMM 5.0.013 then you will have a valid backwards compatible SWMM 5.0.011 input data set.