InfoSewer EPS Rules - Muskingum-Cunge technique

 InfoSewer 🖥️ tracks the movement of wastewater 💧 flowing through the network 🌐 over an extended period of time 📅 under varying wastewater loading and operating conditions 🔄. The extended period simulation (EPS) model 📊 implemented in InfoSewer is unsteady 🌊 and is based on the 1D Saint-Venant equations 📜.

The Saint-Venant equations 📝 or full dynamic wave equations for open channel flow routing consist of:

1. Conservation of momentum equation 🌀
2. Equation of continuity 🌊

Details of the equations and parameters (x, A, y, d, Q, V, S0, θ, Sf, g, t, β) are given 📄.

To solve these equations efficiently, especially for large sewer systems 🌐, simplified methods like non-inertial, kinematic wave, and dynamic wave are used 🔄. InfoSewer utilizes the Muskingum-Cunge technique 🌀 for unsteady open channel flow and the energy equation for pressurized flow in pipes.

Flooding 🌊 at manholes and wet wells is not modeled during an EPS in InfoSewer. Instead, flows are conserved 🔄. Actual flooding might divert flows away from structures, potentially causing issues with regulations and health codes 🚫.

SURCHARGE ⚠️: Sewer pipes can experience surcharge flow when the flow rate exceeds capacity. The conditions and consequences of surcharge, along with modeling approaches, are detailed 📄.

FLOW ATTENUATION 📉: As flow travels downstream, it can experience attenuation due to various factors. InfoSewer uses the Muskingum-Cunge method to accurately predict this attenuation 🌊.

HYDROGRAPH AGGREGATION/FLOW ACCUMULATION 📊: Multiple hydrographs with distinct time steps can merge in a sewer system. Aggregating these accurately is crucial. InfoSewer employs a dynamic method to ensure accurate aggregation, preserving both flow peaks and volumes 📈.

InfoSewer Steady State 🍂.

 The purpose of a sanitary sewer system 🚽 is to convey wastewater 💧 from various origins at various rates of flow. The maximum 📈 and minimum 📉 flow rates in a single day can vary greatly. The system should be able to carry the maximum rate of flow without backing up to any significant degree and within the acceptable velocity limit 🏁. The system should also be able to convey the minimum flow without deposition of suspended solids 🍂.

InfoSewer Pro 🖥️ allows you to effectively simulate the system’s hydraulic behavior at any specific time ⏰ period and analyze it under various conditions ☀️🌧️. Hydraulic calculations are based on the assumptions of one-dimensional, incompressible, steady flow with constant rate of flow between concentrated inflows or outflows. The calculations deal primarily with change in depth and velocity of flow along the sewer (ASCE 1982) 📚.

For steady-state analysis, all flows are assumed to accumulate in the system and discharge only at the outlets 🔚. This means that even if a pipe has a flow beyond its maximum capacity, the flow is still carried downstream including through pumps 🔄 and force mains. The transition between gravity flow ⬇️ and pressurized flow 💨 is also ensured by assuming that all flows are transported through each force main, subject to the upstream hydraulic control 🔧.

The intricate network of underground pipes that make up a sanitary sewer system 🚽 plays a crucial role in modern society by efficiently conveying wastewater 💧 from various origins, including homes, businesses, and industrial facilities, to treatment plants 🏭. These systems are designed to handle a wide range of flow rates, from the peak 📈 surges generated during morning showers and evening dishwashing to the low 📉 trickles that occur during the night or during periods of low water usage.

The primary objective of a sanitary sewer system is to transport wastewater swiftly and effectively without causing any significant backups or blockages 🛑. To achieve this goal, the system's design must accommodate the maximum flow rate that can occur without exceeding the acceptable velocity limit 🏁. This velocity limit is determined by several factors, including the size and material of the sewer pipes 📏, the slope of the pipes 📐, and the desired level of self-cleaning action to prevent the accumulation of solids 🍂.

On the other hand, the system must also be capable of conveying the minimum flow rate without allowing suspended solids to settle within the pipes 🕳️. This is particularly important in areas with low water usage, as stagnant wastewater can create unpleasant odors and increase the risk of blockages. To address this concern, the system's design should ensure that the minimum flow rate maintains a velocity that is sufficient to prevent the deposition of solids.

InfoSewer Pro 🖥️, a powerful software tool, enables engineers and technicians to comprehensively simulate the hydraulic behavior 💦 of sanitary sewer systems under various conditions ☀️🌧️. By modeling the system's response to different scenarios, they can identify potential problems, optimize system performance, and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements 📜.

The hydraulic calculations performed by InfoSewer Pro are based on the assumptions of one-dimensional, incompressible, steady flow with a constant rate of flow between concentrated inflows or outflows 📊. These assumptions simplify the complex hydraulic processes that occur within the sewer system and allow for a practical and efficient analysis.

For steady-state analysis, InfoSewer Pro assumes that all flows accumulate within the system and eventually discharge only at the outlets 🔚. This means that even if a pipe experiences a flow rate that exceeds its maximum capacity, the flow is still carried downstream, including through pumps 🔄 and force mains 💨. The software also accounts for the transition between gravity flow ⬇️, where wastewater flows naturally due to the downward slope of the pipes, and pressurized flow 💨, where pumps are used to push wastewater through force mains. This transition is ensured by assuming that all flows are transported through each force main, subject to the upstream hydraulic control 🔧.

By leveraging InfoSewer Pro's advanced simulation capabilities, engineers and technicians can gain valuable insights into the performance of sanitary sewer systems, identify potential issues before they cause problems, and make informed decisions to optimize system operation and maintain public health standards 🏥.

InfoSewer Physical Components🏢🏭🏠.

 🕳️ Manholes: represent points in the sanitary sewer system where loads enter into the system. Manholes are normally located at places where pipes connect and where pipe characteristics such as diameter and slope change.

🚪 Outlets: designate discharge points (e.g., treatment plant, ocean outfall) where flows exit the system and are the most downstream points of the collection system.

🛢️ Wet wells: are structures in the collection system that collect wastewater flows before they are pumped into force mains for transport to another gravity system.

🚰 Pipes/Channels: are circular/non-circular conduits through which flow is transported either by gravity (i.e., gravity mains) or by the energy supplied from pumps (i.e., force mains).

🔧 Pumps: are devices that raise the hydraulic head of water through the sanitary sewer system.

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How InfoSewer models the hydraulic behavior of each of these physical components is reviewed in the following sections. For the sake of discussion, all wastewater flows are expressed in cubic feet per second (cfs) 💧, although the program can also accept flow units in various other formats such as gallons per minute (gpm), million gallons per day (mgd), and so on. Wastewater represents the spent or used water from residences, commercial buildings, industrial plants, and institutions, together with minor quantities of ground, storm, and surface waters that are not admitted intentionally 🏢🏭🏠.

InfoSewer 🔧 Preferences Command

 🔧 Preferences Command: The Preferences command 🖱️ is a crucial tool for navigating the InfoSewer system settings ⚙️. Remember, any tweaks you make in the Preferences dialog box should be confirmed by hitting 'apply' ✅ before exiting. The preferences you set here will often show up as the default options in other dialog windows. Don't worry, you can always tailor those settings in the respective dialog boxes if needed.

🚀 Operation Settings: Here, you can detail the distinct operation settings 🔄.

🖥️ Display Settings: This is your go-to spot to customize the visual aspects of the display 🌈.

🏷️ ID and Description: Set your IDs and descriptions right here for easy reference 📝.

🗺️ Labelling: Want to personalize your Map labels? This is the place 📍.

📌 Selection Settings: Here, you can define your project selection criteria 🎯.

🔎 Default Symbol: Adjust the default symbol sizes for all InfoSewer data elements right here 🔲.

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🔍 Display Tab: This tab is your control center for visual effects and features within InfoSewer 🎨.

• Show Flow Direction: Decide if flow arrows should appear in the InfoSewer project. If it's off, the flow arrows won't pop up, even if the corresponding checkbox is marked in the Control Center's settings 🚫🔀.

• Show Inactive Elements: This lets you choose if inactive elements in the project are visible. If it's on, elements outside the active set will be shown in the designated Inactive Element Color 🌚.

• Highlight Active Element: Highlight selected elements in InfoSewer with a neat box when this is on 🌟.

• Show Nodes in Overview Map: If activated, all nodes make an appearance in the Map Overview box 🌐.

• Locate Node Map Extent %: This value, which must be above zero, works with the current map extent to determine the zoom's graphical size 🔍.

• Link Locate Zoom Factor: Another essential value for determining the zoom size in relation to the link's extent box 🔗.

• Decimal Placement: Control the precision of decimals when model results are showcased in the project 📊.

• Color Settings: Define colors for domain highlighting 🔴, selection highlighting 🟡, and inactive elements 🟢.

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🔨 Operation Tab: This section lets you control how data is managed in InfoSewer.

• Auto Length Calculation: This feature, when on, automatically computes the length of digitized pipe segments 📏.

• Auto Record Saving: This determines if changes to records are instantly saved when you switch to another record for editing in the same dialog box 💾.

• Auto Database Packing: This preference, when activated, automatically erases database records tied to a deleted element ❌.

• Delete Confirmation: Decide if you want a prompt to confirm delete operations 🗑️.

• Auto Manhole Set: This controls how manhole sets are loaded in the current project 🕳️.

• Auto Link Node Inclusion: It defines if nodes linked to activated links are also turned on for a hydraulic simulation 🔗.

• Length Scaling Factor: This applies a universal scaling factor to all pipes added post this setting 📐.

• Auto Output Settings: These settings control the automatic updating, retrieval, and memory of output results after simulations 🔄.

• Enable Output Save As: This decides if simulation results are saved with an InfoSewer project when that project gets a new file name 💽.

• Export Simulation Result for External Application: When turned on, this generates modal outputs in a .dbf format for easy spreadsheet access 📊.

• Auto Link Delete: This controls if the link(s) attached to a node set for deletion will also be deleted ⛓️.

• Current Selection Settings: These settings determine how selections are made graphically in the InfoSewer project 🖍️.

• Digitize (Next Node/Next Link): Choose a different data element from the dropdown for InfoSewer to create when digitizing the network 🔗.

• Text Editor: Here, you can choose an ASCII text editor for reviewing output reports 📜.

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📂 Project Tab: This tab lets you input project-specific information into InfoSewer.

• Title: The project's file name 📖.

• Description: A brief summary of the InfoSewer project 📃.

• Engineer: The main engineer overseeing the hydraulic model 👷.

• Notes: Any additional notes or comments 📝.

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🔄 Transform Tab: This is where you can shift, scale, or spin the InfoSewer project from one coordinate to another.

• Option: Choose the kind of translation you want to perform 🔀.

• Origin: The starting point for the move, scale, or rotation operation 📍.

• Move, Scale, Rotate: Set the specific parameters for each type of transformation 🛠️.

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🔖 Labels Tab: This lets you control how ID labels look during an InfoSewer project.

• Scale Text: Decide if InfoSewer should keep node and pipe labels at a consistent map scale 📏.

• Text Size, Font & Color: Customize the appearance of the labels 🖍️.

• Show Node/Link ID Label: Choose if nodes and links in the project should be labeled with their ID 🏷️.

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💡 Suggest ID Tab: Here, you can modify InfoSewer's defaults for data element labeling and more.

• ID Suggestion: When on, InfoSewer uses the information from this dialog box for creating new data elements 📌.

• ID Prefix, Next, Increment, Description: Customize how the next data element or set will be named and described 📝.

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🎨 Symbols Tab: Adjust the visual size of the InfoSewer data elements here.

• Scale Symbol: Decide if InfoSewer should keep the data elements' size consistent when zooming 🔄.

• Symbol Size, Color, Line Width: Fine-tune the appearance of the data elements in the display 🖌️.

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🗺️ Map for InfoSewer: Control the look of the project with the Map Properties tab.

• Scrollbars: Choose if you want the horizontal and vertical scrollbars on the map display 🔄.

• 3D Appearance, Border Style, Background: Customize the display's aesthetics 🎨.

• Snap to Grid Point, Show Grid Point, Grid Spacing, Origin: Adjust grid settings for the project 🌐.

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🖱️ Selection Settings: Control your InfoSewer selection settings with the Preferences - Selection Settings command. Remember to save your changes before closing the dialog box! Access this by going to InfoSewer Control Center -> InfoSewer button -> Tools sub-menu, then select Project Preferences -> Selection Settings.

• Selection Shape, Mode, Tolerance: Define how you want to make selections in the project 📌.

• OK and Cancel: Save your settings or exit without saving from the dialog box, respectively ✅❌.