Innovyze President Recognized with AAWRE Special Distinction Award


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Soffit Level

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Soffit Level
(pipe technology)The top point of the inside open section of a pipe or box conduit.
The soffit is the highest point of the internal surface of a pipe or culvert at any cross-section. The soffit is also referred to as the pipe obvert.
So it is not quite the Crown of the Pipe.  Here is an image I found that hopefully explains it better.


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Water Analogies for Divergence, Curl and Gradient

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Comment: A really nice water analogy for the field properties Divergence, Curl and Gradient from the Blog Starts With a Bang

....it's pretty mathematically intensive, but what's missing from most textbooks and E&M courses are physical explanations of what the mathematics means. For instance, I've started teaching about fields, and pretty much every textbook out there goes on and on about the properties of fields. They say you can do three things to fields, take the gradient, divergence, orcurl of them. (Are you asleep yet? I'm sorry!) What do these things mean? An easy way to picture it is in terms of water. If you placed a drop of water anywhere on, say,Earth, the magnitude and direction of how it rolls down is the gradient of the Earth's elevation. If you let that drop of water flow, as it goes downhill, it can either spread out or converge to a narrower stream. When we quantify that, that's what the divergence of the field is. And finally, when that water is …
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SWMM 5 Error Messages

Engine Error Number Description ERROR 101: memory allocation error.                                                                                             ERROR 103: cannot solve KW equations for Link                                                                                   ERROR 105: cannot open ODE solver.                                                                                              ERROR 107: cannot compute a valid time step.                                                                                     ERROR 108: ambiguous outlet ID name for Subcatchment
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