Default H&H or Hydrology and Hydraulic Values from SWMM5

Default H&H or Hydrology and Hydraulic Values from SWMM5

A.1       Units of Measurement

PARAMETER	US CUSTOMARY	SI METRIC
Area (Subcatchment)	acres	hectares
Area (Storage Unit)	square feet	square meters
Area (Ponding)	square feet	square meters
Capillary Suction	inches	millimeters
Concentration	mg/L (milligrams/liter)  ug/L (micrograms/liter)  Count/L (counts/liter)	mg/L ug/L Count/L
Decay Constant (Infiltration)	1/hours	1/hours
Decay Constant (Pollutants)	1/days	1/days
Depression Storage	inches	millimeters
Depth	feet	meters
Diameter	feet	meters
Discharge Coefficient:     Orifice	dimensionless	dimensionless
Weir	CFS/footn	CMS/metern
Elevation	feet	meters
Evaporation	inches/day	millimeters/day
Flow	CFS (cubic feet / second)  GPM (gallons / minute)  MGD (million gallons/day)	CMS (cubic meters/second) LPS (liters/second) MLD (million liters/day)
Head	feet	meters
Hydraulic Conductivity	inches/hour	millimeters/hour
Infiltration Rate	inches/hour	millimeters/hour
Length	feet	meters
Manning's n	seconds/meter1/3	seconds/meter1/3
Pollutant Buildup	mass/length  mass/acre	mass/length mass/hectare
Rainfall Intensity	inches/hour	millimeters/hour
Rainfall Volume	inches	millimeters
Slope (Subcatchments)	percent	percent
Slope (Cross Section)	rise/run	rise/run
Street Cleaning Interval	days	days
Volume	cubic feet	cubic meters
Width	feet	meters

A.2       Soil Characteristics

Soil Texture Class	K	Ψ	φ	FC	WP
Sand	4.74	1.93	0.437	0.062	0.024
Loamy Sand	1.18	2.40	0.437	0.105	0.047
Sandy Loam	0.43	4.33	0.453	0.190	0.085
Loam	0.13	3.50	0.463	0.232	0.116
Silt Loam	0.26	6.69	0.501	0.284	0.135
Sandy Clay Loam	0.06	8.66	0.398	0.244	0.136
Clay Loam	0.04	8.27	0.464	0.310	0.187
Silty Clay Loam	0.04	10.63	0.471	0.342	0.210
Sandy Clay	0.02	9.45	0.430	0.321	0.221
Silty Clay	0.02	11.42	0.479	0.371	0.251
Clay	0.01	12.60	0.475	0.378	0.265

K =   saturated hydraulic conductivity, in/hr Ψ =   suction head, in.

φ=   porosity, fraction FC =   field capacity, fraction WP =   wilting point, fraction

Source: Rawls, W.J. et al., (1983). J. Hyd. Engr., 109:1316.

Note: The following relation between Ψ and K can be derived from this table:

                                         

A.3       NRCS Hydrologic Soil Group Definitions

Group	Meaning	Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity (in/hr)
A	Low runoff potential. Water is transmitted freely through the soil. Group A soils typically have less than 10 percent clay and more than 90 percent sand or gravel and have gravel or sand textures.	> 1.42
B	Moderately low runoff potential. Water transmission through the soil is unimpeded. Group B soils typically have between 10 percent and 20 percent clay and 50 percent to 90 percent sand and have loamy sand or sandy loam textures.	0.57 – 1.42
	Moderately high runoff potential.
C	Water transmission through the soil is somewhat restricted. Group C soils typically have between 20 percent and 40 percent clay and less than 50 percent sand and have loam, silt loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, and silty clay loam textures.	0.06 - 0.57
	High runoff potential.
D	Water movement through the soil is restricted or very restricted. Group D soils typically have greater than 40 percent clay, less than 50 percent sand, and have clayey textures.	< 0.06

Source: Hydrology National Engineering Handbook, Chapter 7, Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, January 2009.

A.4       SCS Curve Numbers¹

Land Use Description		Hydrologic Soil Group
	A	B	C	D
Cultivated land    Without conservation treatment    With conservation treatment	72 62	81 71	88 78	91 81
Pasture or range land    Poor condition    Good condition	68 39	79 61	86 74	89 80
Meadow    Good condition	30	58	71	78
Wood or forest land    Thin stand, poor cover, no mulch    Good cover2	45 25	66 55	77 70	83 77
Open spaces, lawns, parks, golf courses, cemeteries, etc.    Good condition: grass cover on    75% or more of the area	39	61	74	80
Fair condition: grass cover on    50-75% of the area	49	69	79	84
Commercial and business areas (85% impervious)	89	92	94	95
Industrial districts (72% impervious)	81	88	91	93
Residential3  Average lot size (% Impervious4)    1/8 ac or less (65)    1/4 ac (38)    1/3 ac (30)    1/2 ac (25)    1 ac (20)	77 61 57 54 51	85 75 72 70 68	90 83 81 80 79	92 87 86 85 84
Paved parking lots, roofs, driveways, etc.5	98	98	98	98
Streets and roads    Paved with curbs and storm sewers5    Gravel    Dirt	98 76 72	98 85 82	98 89 87	98 91 89

Source: SCS Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds, 2^nd Ed., (TR-55), June 1986.

Footnotes:

1.  Antecedent moisture condition II.

2.  Good cover is protected from grazing and litter and brush cover soil.

3.  Curve numbers are computed assuming that the runoff from the house and driveway is directed toward the street with a minimum of roof water directed to lawns where additional infiltration could occur.

4.  The remaining pervious areas (lawn) are considered to be in good pasture condition for these curve numbers.

5.  In some warmer climates of the country a curve number of 95 may be used.

A.5          Depression Storage

Impervious surfaces	0.05 - 0.10 inches
Lawns	0.10 - 0.20 inches
Pasture	0.20 inches
Forest litter	0.30 inches

Source: ASCE, (1992). Design & Construction of Urban Stormwater Management Systems, New York, NY.

A.6          Manning’s n – Overland Flow

Surface	n
Smooth asphalt	0.011
Smooth concrete	0.012
Ordinary concrete lining	0.013
Good wood	0.014
Brick with cement mortar	0.014
Vitrified clay	0.015
Cast iron	0.015
Corrugated metal pipes	0.024
Cement rubble surface	0.024
Fallow soils (no residue)	0.05
Cultivated soils    Residue cover < 20%	0.06
Residue cover > 20%	0.17
Range (natural)	0.13
Grass    Short, prairie    Dense	0.15 0.24
Bermuda grass	0.41
Woods    Light underbrush    Dense underbrush	0.40 0.80

Source: McCuen, R. et al. (1996), Hydrology, FHWA-SA96-067, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC

A.7          Manning’s n – Closed Conduits

Conduit Material	Manning n
Asbestos-cement pipe	0.011 - 0.015
Brick	0.013 - 0.017
Cast iron pipe - Cement-lined & seal coated	0.011 - 0.015
Concrete (monolithic) - Smooth forms	0.012 - 0.014
- Rough forms	0.015 - 0.017
Concrete pipe	0.011 - 0.015
Corrugated-metal pipe (1/2-in. x 2-2/3-in. corrugations) - Plain	0.022 - 0.026
- Paved invert	0.018 - 0.022
- Spun asphalt lined	0.011 - 0.015
Plastic pipe (smooth)	0.011 - 0.015
Vitrified clay -  Pipes -  Liner plates	0.011 - 0.015 0.013 - 0.017

Source: ASCE (1982). Gravity Sanitary Sewer Design and Construction, ASCE Manual of Practice No. 60, New York, NY.

A.8          Manning’s n – Open Channels

Channel Type	Manning n
Lined Channels
- Asphalt	0.013 - 0.017
- Brick	0.012 - 0.018
- Concrete	0.011 - 0.020
- Rubble or riprap	0.020 - 0.035
- Vegetal	0.030 - 0.40
Excavated or dredged
- Earth, straight and uniform	0.020 - 0.030
- Earth, winding, fairly uniform	0.025 - 0.040
- Rock	0.030 - 0.045
- Unmaintained	0.050 - 0.140
Natural channels (minor streams, top width at flood stage < 100 ft)
- Fairly regular section	0.030 - 0.070
- Irregular section with pools	0.040 - 0.100

Source: ASCE (1982). Gravity Sanitary Sewer Design and Construction, ASCE Manual of Practice No. 60, New York, NY.

A.9          Water Quality Characteristics of Urban Runoff

Constituent	Event Mean Concentrations
TSS (mg/L)	180 - 548
BOD (mg/L)	12 - 19
COD (mg/L)	82 - 178
Total P (mg/L)	0.42 - 0.88
Soluble P (mg/L)	0.15 - 0.28
TKN (mg/L)	1.90 - 4.18
NO2/NO3-N (mg/L)	0.86 - 2.2
Total Cu (ug/L)	43 - 118
Total Pb (ug/L)	182 - 443
Total Zn (ug/L)	202 - 633

Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1983). Results of the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP), Vol. 1, NTIS PB 84-185552), Water Planning Division, Washington, DC.

Source:   http://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF

Three Types of Simulation Runs in InfoSewer

Three Types of Simulation Runs in InfoSewer

Three different types of hydraulic analyses can be carried out by InfoSewer and are explained below in the following sections.  Here are the three Run Manager Tabs

InfoSewer Pro Only has the Storm Tab, if you do not have the Pro version you will not be able to simulate RDII or Stormwater Runoff

InfoSewer and InfoSewer Pro allow you to use the General, Peaking, Quality and Design Tabs

Siphon Network in XPSWMM that also applies to InfoSWMM, InfoSewer, ICM and SWMM5

My classic Siphon Network in XPSWMM that also applies to InfoSWMM, InfoSewer, ICM and SWMM5

Since Siphons are a common question and I found my older XPSWMM training models – here is a reminder:

1. The Siphon works based on the old Roman Aqueduct system, 
1. Inflow comes into network
2. Water falls down into the siphon based on elevation differences between the nodes, in this case the down link
3. Eventually the HGL in the nodes and links increases and flow comes out the downstream end of the siphon, in this case the up link
4. It all works on the elevation of the nodes.  There are no other special data requirements.  

Bob Dickinson at the CDM CSD Consulting Division in 2003

Bob Dickinson, Tampa, FL Water Resources Resume P: 813-281-2900 F: 813-288-8987 H: 813-920-0681 dickinsonre@cdm.com Key Areas of Practice Stormwater and Sanitary Sewer Modeling, Numerical Methods, Interface Design, Water Resources Planning, Water Quality Modeling, Model Interaction, Modeling Support and Training, Transportation Engineering, and 3D Visualization Areas of Specialization Within Practice Stormwater Management Model (SWMM4/5) development Training and support Culvert design Pond and drainage design 3D visualization using smart objects Marketing Success Skilled at adding unique, customized features to the SWMM that corresponds to each client's/potential client's needs. For Miami/Dade, added population/pump curves to the model, allowing the client to match SCADA data with pump data. For Winnipeg, added flow regulators, which made it possible to model the system. Client Service & Project Delivery For the ALCOSAN modeling project, was able to add specialized snowmelt, rainfall, temperature, runoff, statistical, diurnal flow patterns and hydraulic features that let us successfully model the Pittsburgh separate and combined sewer systems.  In a Water Quality Study of Nine Mile Run in Pittsburgh, developed an EMC input for SWMM and an ACCESS interface between SWMM and ArcView to predict watershed and CSO loadings for 50 years. Helps clients to understand the computer models they pay for through training and white papers. Offers translation services for clients with older Stormwater models. New features or connections to the Stormwater models can be supplied by programming in Fortran, VB or C++. Programs customized interfaces or applications for clients using Fortran, VB or C++ for water quality, drainage, road design, 3D visualization, statistical analysis and stormwater and sanitary hydraulic analysis.  Education M.E. - Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, 1985 B.E. - Environmental Engineering Services, University of Florida, 1979 Achievements/Innovations  A developer of SWMM Versions 3 and 4 at UF, XP-SWMM at XP Software, Visual Hydro and Visual Culvert at CAiCE Software. Since joining CDM in late 2000, helped CDM move ahead with the SWMM 5 upgrade initiative. Helped the firm bridge the gap between SWMM vendors and the public domain engine of SWMM by enabling CDM to become a link between the various SWMM vendors.

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Powerful InfoSWMM Link, Node and Subcatchment Component Graphs help you understand the Hydrology and Hydraulics of SWMM5

Powerful InfoSWMM Link, Node and Subcatchment Component Graphs help you understand the Hydrology and Hydraulics of SWMM5.  You can graph the components by Axes and Panels.

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Where RDII Analyst Solutions are saved in the InfoSWMM Scenario Folder

The RDII Analyst Network is “1” with three Calibrated Runs “11”  “22”  and “33”